The Challenges of Using Robots to Automate the Recycling of Electronic Devices: A New Approach Incorporating AI, Modularity, and Soft Robotics
Ude, Aleš Simonić, Mihael Kuster, Boris Mavsar, Matija Bem, Martin Ruiz, Sebastian Tamosiunaite, Minija Catalano, Manuel Tincani, Vinicio Bicchi, Antonio
Ude, Aleš
Simonić, Mihael
Kuster, Boris
Mavsar, Matija
Bem, Martin
Ruiz, Sebastian
Tamosiunaite, Minija
Catalano, Manuel
Tincani, Vinicio
Bicchi, Antonio
Supervisor
Department
Robotics
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Type
Journal article
Date
2025
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Language
English
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Abstract
This article tackles the challenges of automating battery removal from small electronic devices, such as heat-cost allocators (HCAs) and smoke detectors (SDs). Safe and efficient removal is essential to mitigate fire hazards posed by lithium batteries in recycling facilities and to support a circular economy. We present advanced methodologies and robotic technologies to address hurdles arising from diverse device designs, complex battery compartments, and varying states of damage. Our approach integrates vision-language models (VLMs) for real-time adaptive disassembly planning, computer vision, tactile skills, soft robotics, and reconfigurable robotic workcells to enhance perception, dexterity, and adaptability. The resulting workcell with modular hardware and standardized interfaces enables seamless adaptation across device types. Laboratory tests demonstrate higher efficiency and reduced manual intervention, underscoring the potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven reconfigurable robotics for scalable and sustainable e-waste recycling.
Citation
A. Ude et al., "The Challenges of Using Robots to Automate the Recycling of Electronic Devices: A New Approach Incorporating AI, Modularity, and Soft Robotics," in IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, doi: 10.1109/MRA.2025.3619331
Source
IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine
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Keywords
Robots, Batteries, Electronic Waste, Recycling, Soft Robotics, Grippers, Artificial Intelligence, Plastics, Automation, Smoke Detectors
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Publisher
IEEE