MoMentS: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Theory of Mind

Understanding Theory of Mind is essential for building socially intelligent multimodal agents capable of perceiving and interpreting human behavior. We introduce MoMentS (Multimodal Mental States), a comprehensive benchmark designed to assess the ToM capabilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) through realistic, narrative-rich scenarios presented in short films. MoMentS includes over 2,300 multiple-choice questions spanning seven distinct ToM categories. The benchmark features long video context windows and realistic social interactions that provide deeper insight into characters’ mental states. We evaluate several MLLMs and find that although vision generally improves performance, models still struggle to integrate it effectively. For audio, models that process dialogues as audio do not consistently outperform transcript-based inputs. Our findings highlight the need to improve multimodal integration and point to open challenges that must be addressed to advance AI’s social understanding.

Citation

E. Villa-Cueva, S.M.M. Ahmed, R. Chevi, J.C.B. Cruz, K. Elzeky, F. Cristobal, A.F. Aji, S. Wang, R. Mihalcea, T. Solorio, "MoMentS: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Theory of Mind," 2025, pp. 22591-22611.

Conference

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025

Source

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025

Publisher

Association for Computational Linguistics

DOI

10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1230

Additional links

https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1230/