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Bitcoin research with a transaction graph dataset
Schnoering, Hugo Vazirgiannis, Michalis
Schnoering, Hugo
Vazirgiannis, Michalis
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s41597-025-04684-8.pdf
Adobe PDF, 1.53 MB
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Machine Learning
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Journal article
Date
2025
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Language
English
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Abstract
Bitcoin, introduced in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto, revolutionized the digital economy by enabling decentralized value storage and transfer, eliminating the need for a central authority. This paper presents a large-scale, temporally annotated graph dataset representing Bitcoin transactions, designed to advance research in blockchain analytics and beyond. The dataset comprises 252 million nodes and 785 million edges, with each node and edge timestamped for temporal analysis. To support supervised learning, we provide two labeled subsets: (i) 34,000 nodes annotated with entity types, and (ii) 100,000 Bitcoin addresses labeled with entity names and types. This dataset is the largest publicly available resource of its kind, addressing the limitations of existing datasets and enabling advanced exploration of Bitcoin’s transaction network. We establish baseline performance using graph neural network models for node classification tasks. Furthermore, we highlight additional use cases, including fraud detection, network analysis, and temporal graph learning, demonstrating its broader applicability beyond Bitcoin. We release the complete dataset, along with source code and benchmarks, to the public.
Citation
H. Schnoering and M. Vazirgiannis, “Bitcoin research with a transaction graph dataset,” Scientific Data 2025 12:1, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 404-, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-04684-8.
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Scientific Data
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Keywords
Bitcoin Transaction Graph, Large-Scale Network Dataset, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Temporal Graph Analysis, Node Classification in Crypto Networks, Fraud Detection in Blockchain, Public Ledger Graph Construction, Cryptocurrency Ecosystem Benchmark
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Publisher
Springer Nature